fst

Store Floating Point Value

FST m32fp/m64fp

Copies the value in ST(0) to memory or another register.

Details

Stores the value in ST(0) to memory as either 32-bit single or 64-bit double precision (converting from 80-bit extended if necessary), without popping the stack. The source remains in ST(0); floating-point exceptions (PE, UE, OE) may be raised in the x87 status word if conversion underflows, overflows, or loses precision. No CPU flags are modified.

Pseudocode Operation

memory ← convert_to_32or64bit(ST(0))
if conversion_error: raise x87_exception

Example

FST m32fp/m64fp

Encoding

Binary Layout

ModRM

Format Legacy

Opcode D9 /2

Extension x87 FPU

Operands

dest
Memory

Reference (Intel® SDM)

Instruction Forms

Opcode	Instruction	64/32-bit Mode	Description
D9 /2	FST m32fp	Valid Valid	Copy ST(0) to m32fp.
DD /2	FST m64fp	Valid Valid	Copy ST(0) to m64fp.
DD D0+i	FST ST(i)	Valid Valid	Copy ST(0) to ST(i).
D9 /3	FSTP m32fp	Valid Valid	Copy ST(0) to m32fp and pop register stack.
DD /3	FSTP m64fp	Valid Valid	Copy ST(0) to m64fp and pop register stack.
DB /7	FSTP m80fp	Valid Valid	Copy ST(0) to m80fp and pop register stack.
DD D8+i	FSTP ST(i)	Valid Valid	Copy ST(0) to ST(i) and pop register stack.

Description

The FST instruction copies the value in the ST(0) register to the destination operand, which can be a memory location or another register in the FPU register stack. When storing the value in memory, the value is converted to single precision or double precision floating-point format. The FSTP instruction performs the same operation as the FST instruction and then pops the register stack. To pop the register stack, the processor marks the ST(0) register as empty and increments the stack pointer (TOP) by 1. The FSTP instruction can also store values in memory in double extended-precision floating-point format. If the destination operand is a memory location, the operand specifies the address where the first byte of the destination value is to be stored. If the destination operand is a register, the operand specifies a register in the register stack relative to the top of the stack. If the destination size is single precision or double precision, the significand of the value being stored is rounded to the width of the destination (according to the rounding mode specified by the RC field of the FPU control word), and the exponent is converted to the width and bias of the destination format. If the value being stored is too large for the destination format, a numeric overflow exception (#O) is generated and, if the exception is unmasked, no value is stored in the destination operand. If the value being stored is a denormal value, the denormal exception (#D) is not generated. This condition is simply signaled as a numeric underflow exception (#U) condition. If the value being stored is ±0, ±∞, or a NaN, the least-significant bits of the significand and the exponent are truncated to fit the destination format. This operation preserves the value’s identity as a 0, ∞, or NaN. If the destination operand is a non-empty register, the invalid-operation exception is not generated. This instruction’s operation is the same in non-64-bit modes and 64-bit mode.

Operation

DEST := ST(0);
IF Instruction = FSTP
THEN
PopRegisterStack;
FI;

Exceptions

Protected Mode Exceptions

#GP(0) If the destination is located in a non-writable segment. If a memory operand effective address is outside the CS, DS, ES, FS, or GS segment limit. If the DS, ES, FS, or GS register is used to access memory and it contains a NULL segment selector. #SS(0) If a memory operand effective address is outside the SS segment limit. #NM CR0.EM[bit 2] or CR0.TS[bit 3] = 1. #PF(fault-code) If a page fault occurs. #AC(0) If alignment checking is enabled and an unaligned memory reference is made while the current privilege level is 3. #UD If the LOCK prefix is used.

Real-Address Mode Exceptions

#GP If a memory operand effective address is outside the CS, DS, ES, FS, or GS segment limit. #SS If a memory operand effective address is outside the SS segment limit. #NM CR0.EM[bit 2] or CR0.TS[bit 3] = 1. #UD If the LOCK prefix is used.

Virtual-8086 Mode Exceptions

#GP(0) If a memory operand effective address is outside the CS, DS, ES, FS, or GS segment limit. #SS(0) If a memory operand effective address is outside the SS segment limit. #NM CR0.EM[bit 2] or CR0.TS[bit 3] = 1. #PF(fault-code) If a page fault occurs. #AC(0) If alignment checking is enabled and an unaligned memory reference is made. #UD If the LOCK prefix is used.

Compatibility Mode Exceptions

Same exceptions as in protected mode.

64-Bit Mode Exceptions

#SS(0) If a memory address referencing the SS segment is in a non-canonical form. #GP(0) If the memory address is in a non-canonical form. #NM CR0.EM[bit 2] or CR0.TS[bit 3] = 1. #MF If there is a pending x87 FPU exception. #PF(fault-code) If a page fault occurs. #AC(0) If alignment checking is enabled and an unaligned memory reference is made while the current privilege level is 3. #UD If the LOCK prefix is used. FST/FSTP—Store Floating-Point Value Vol. 2A 3-387