fsub
Subtract Floating Point
FSUB m32fp/m64fp
Subtracts src from dest.
Details
Subtracts the floating-point operand in memory (m32fp or m64fp) from ST(0) and stores the result in ST(0). The operation follows IEEE 754 semantics with the current rounding mode. The x87 FPU status flags (C0, C1, C2, C3) are updated; invalid operation, underflow, overflow, or precision exceptions may be raised.
Pseudocode Operation
src_value ← load_from_memory(src);
ST(0) ← ST(0) - src_value;
update_x87_status_flags();Example
FSUB m32fp/m64fp
Encoding
Binary Layout
D8
+0
ModRM
+1
Operands
-
src
Memory/Reg
Reference (Intel® SDM)
Instruction Forms
| Opcode | Instruction | Op/En | 64/32-bit Mode | CPUID | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D8 /4 | FSUB m32fp | Valid Valid | Subtract m32fp from ST(0) and store result in ST(0). | ||
| DC /4 | FSUB m64fp | Valid Valid | Subtract m64fp from ST(0) and store result in ST(0). | ||
| D8 E0+i | FSUB ST(0), ST(i) | Valid Valid | Subtract ST(i) from ST(0) and store result in ST(0). | ||
| DC E8+i | FSUB ST(i), ST(0) | Valid Valid | Subtract ST(0) from ST(i) and store result in ST(i). | ||
| DE E8+i | FSUBP ST(i), ST(0) | Valid Valid | Subtract ST(0) from ST(i), store result in ST(i), and pop register stack. | ||
| DE E9 | FSUBP | Valid Valid | Subtract ST(0) from ST(1), store result in ST(1), and pop register stack. | ||
| DA /4 | FISUB m32int | Valid Valid | Subtract m32int from ST(0) and store result in ST(0). | ||
| DE /4 | FISUB m16int | Valid Valid | Subtract m16int from ST(0) and store result in ST(0). |
Description
Subtracts the source operand from the destination operand and stores the difference in the destination location.
The destination operand is always an FPU data register; the source operand can be a register or a memory location.
Source operands in memory can be in single precision or double precision floating-point format or in word or doubleword integer format.
The no-operand version of the instruction subtracts the contents of the ST(0) register from the ST(1) register and stores the result in ST(1). The one-operand version subtracts the contents of a memory location (either a floatingpoint or an integer value) from the contents of the ST(0) register and stores the result in ST(0). The two-operand version, subtracts the contents of the ST(0) register from the ST(i) register or vice versa.
The FSUBP instructions perform the additional operation of popping the FPU register stack following the subtraction. To pop the register stack, the processor marks the ST(0) register as empty and increments the stack pointer (TOP) by 1. The no-operand version of the floating-point subtract instructions always results in the register stack being popped. In some assemblers, the mnemonic for this instruction is FSUB rather than FSUBP.
The FISUB instructions convert an integer source operand to double extended-precision floating-point format before performing the subtraction.
Table 3-40 shows the results obtained when subtracting various classes of numbers from one another, assuming that neither overflow nor underflow occurs. Here, the SRC value is subtracted from the DEST value (DEST − SRC = result).
When the difference between two operands of like sign is 0, the result is +0, except for the round toward −∞ mode, in which case the result is −0. This instruction also guarantees that +0 − (−0) = +0, and that −0 − (+0) = −0. When the source operand is an integer 0, it is treated as a +0.
When one operand is ∞, the result is ∞ of the expected sign. If both operands are ∞ of the same sign, an invalidoperation exception is generated.
FSUB/FSUBP/FISUB—Subtract Vol. 2A 3-394
Table 3-40. FSUB/FSUBP/FISUB Results
SRC
− ∞ − F or − I − 0 + 0 + F or + I + ∞ NaN
− ∞ * − ∞ − ∞ − ∞ − ∞ − ∞ NaN
− F + ∞ ±F or ±0 DEST DEST − F − ∞ NaN
DEST − 0 + ∞ −SRC ±0 − 0 − SRC − ∞ NaN
+ 0 + ∞ −SRC + 0 ±0 − SRC − ∞ NaN
+ F + ∞ + F DEST DEST ±F or ±0 − ∞ NaN
+ ∞ + ∞ + ∞ + ∞ + ∞ + ∞ * NaN
NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
Operation
IF Instruction = FISUB THEN DEST := DEST − ConvertToDoubleExtendedPrecisionFP(SRC); ELSE (* Source operand is floating-point value *) DEST := DEST − SRC; FI; IF Instruction = FSUBP THEN PopRegisterStack; FI;
Exceptions
Protected Mode Exceptions
#GP(0) If a memory operand effective address is outside the CS, DS, ES, FS, or GS segment limit.
If the DS, ES, FS, or GS register is used to access memory and it contains a NULL segment
selector.
#SS(0) If a memory operand effective address is outside the SS segment limit.
#NM CR0.EM[bit 2] or CR0.TS[bit 3] = 1.
#PF(fault-code) If a page fault occurs.
#AC(0) If alignment checking is enabled and an unaligned memory reference is made while the
current privilege level is 3.
#UD If the LOCK prefix is used.
Real-Address Mode Exceptions
#GP If a memory operand effective address is outside the CS, DS, ES, FS, or GS segment limit.
#SS If a memory operand effective address is outside the SS segment limit.
#NM CR0.EM[bit 2] or CR0.TS[bit 3] = 1.
#UD If the LOCK prefix is used.
Virtual-8086 Mode Exceptions
#GP(0) If a memory operand effective address is outside the CS, DS, ES, FS, or GS segment limit.
#SS(0) If a memory operand effective address is outside the SS segment limit.
#NM CR0.EM[bit 2] or CR0.TS[bit 3] = 1.
#PF(fault-code) If a page fault occurs.
#AC(0) If alignment checking is enabled and an unaligned memory reference is made.
#UD If the LOCK prefix is used.
Compatibility Mode Exceptions
Same exceptions as in protected mode.
64-Bit Mode Exceptions
#SS(0) If a memory address referencing the SS segment is in a non-canonical form.
#GP(0) If the memory address is in a non-canonical form.
#NM CR0.EM[bit 2] or CR0.TS[bit 3] = 1.
#MF If there is a pending x87 FPU exception.
#PF(fault-code) If a page fault occurs.
#AC(0) If alignment checking is enabled and an unaligned memory reference is made while the
current privilege level is 3.
#UD If the LOCK prefix is used.
FSUB/FSUBP/FISUB—Subtract Vol. 2A 3-396