cldemote
Cache Line Demote
CLDEMOTE m8
Hints to move cache line to lower cache level.
Details
Provides a hint to demote a cache line to a lower cache level (L2 or L3) without invalidating it. The instruction has no architectural effect on cache state and does not modify flags; it is a performance hint that may improve system throughput by reducing cache coherency traffic. Requires CLDEMOTE instruction extension; available in 64-bit mode.
Pseudocode Operation
// Hint to demote cache line at m8
// No architectural registers or flags are modified
DemoteHint([m8])Example
CLDEMOTE [rbp-1]
Encoding
Binary Layout
0F
+0
1C
+1
ModRM
+2
Operands
-
dest
8-bit memory operand
Reference (Intel® SDM)
Instruction Forms
| Opcode | Instruction | Op/En | 64/32-bit Mode | CPUID | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NP 0F 1C /0 | CLDEMOTE | A | V/V | A | Hint to hardware to move the cache line containing m8 to a CLDEMOTE m8 more distant level of the cache without writing back to memory. Instruction Operand Encoding1 Op/En Operand 1 Operand 2 Operand 3 Operand 4 ModRM:r/m (w) N/A N/A N/A |
Description
Hints to hardware that the cache line that contains the linear address specified with the memory operand should be moved (“demoted”) from the cache(s) closest to the processor core to a level more distant from the processor core. This may accelerate subsequent accesses to the line by other cores in the same coherence domain, especially if the line was written by the core that demotes the line. Moving the line in such a manner is a performance optimization, i.e., it is a hint which does not modify architectural state. Hardware may choose which level in the cache hierarchy to retain the line (e.g., L3 in typical server designs). The source operand is a byte memory location.
The availability of the CLDEMOTE instruction is indicated by the presence of the CPUID feature flag CLDEMOTE (bit
25 of the ECX register in sub-leaf 07H, see “CPUID—CPU Identification”). On processors which do not support the
CLDEMOTE instruction (including legacy hardware) the instruction will be treated as a NOP.
A CLDEMOTE instruction is ordered with respect to stores to the same cache line, but unordered with respect to other instructions including memory fences, CLDEMOTE, CLWB or CLFLUSHOPT instructions to a different cache line. Since CLDEMOTE will retire in order with respect to stores to the same cache line, software should ensure that after issuing CLDEMOTE the line is not accessed again immediately by the same core to avoid cache data movement penalties.
The effective memory type of the page containing the affected line determines the effect; cacheable types are likely to generate a data movement operation, while uncacheable types may cause the instruction to be ignored.
Speculative fetching can occur at any time and is not tied to instruction execution. The CLDEMOTE instruction is not ordered with respect to PREFETCHh instructions or any of the speculative fetching mechanisms. That is, data can be speculatively loaded into a cache line just before, during, or after the execution of a CLDEMOTE instruction that references the cache line.
Unlike CLFLUSH, CLFLUSHOPT, and CLWB instructions, CLDEMOTE is not guaranteed to write back modified data to memory.
The CLDEMOTE instruction may be ignored by hardware in certain cases and is not a guarantee.
The CLDEMOTE instruction can be used at all privilege levels. In certain processor implementations the CLDEMOTE instruction may set the A bit but not the D bit in the page tables.
If the line is not found in the cache, the instruction will be treated as a NOP.
In some implementations, the CLDEMOTE instruction may always cause a transactional abort with Transactional
Synchronization Extensions (TSX). However, programmers must not rely on CLDEMOTE instruction to force a transactional abort.
1. The Mod field of the ModR/M byte cannot have value 11B.
CLDEMOTE—Cache Line Demote Vol. 2A 3-142
Operation
Cache_Line_Demote(m8);
Flags Affected
None. C/C++ Compiler Intrinsic Equivalent CLDEMOTE void _cldemote(const void*);
Exceptions
Protected Mode Exceptions
#UD If the LOCK prefix is used.
Real-Address Mode Exceptions
#UD If the LOCK prefix is used.
Virtual-8086 Mode Exceptions
Same exceptions as in real address mode.
Compatibility Mode Exceptions
Same exceptions as in protected mode.
64-Bit Mode Exceptions
#UD If the LOCK prefix is used.
CLDEMOTE—Cache Line Demote Vol. 2A 3-143